JEAN-BAPTISTE DU BOS: REFLECTIONS ON GENIUS AND ART

Abstract

In 1719 Jean-Baptiste Du Bos publishes his treatise Réflexions Critiques sur la Poésia et sur la Peinture, which Voltaire has called ‘the most useful book that has ever be written on the subject by any European nation’. In his book the author deals with the problem of artistic genius, a phenomenon that was in focus from late 17th century in many treatises on theory of art, especially in France and England. This article concentrates on the interpretation of this particular idea in the work of Du Bos, who tries to explain it through a wide range of empirical examples, using the latest achievements from different branches of science. His concept of ‘physiological genius’ and ‘climatic genius’ can be seen as unique. His reflections on sensation-based aesthetic experience and the new way of defining the relationship between the artist-genius and the dilettante art experiencer, influenced later 18th century authors who wrote about art theory and aesthetics (Lessing, Home, Herder, even Kant). Du Bos's idea of wider public engagement with art, and art appreciation, becomes relevant in the 18th and 19th centuries, so one can say that in many respects Du Bos's treatment is ahead of its time and that these ideas are also relevant in the contemporary context.