@article{Jørgensen_Varga_2011, place={Tartu, Estonia}, title={Norms and practices of polylingual behaviour: a sociolinguistic model}, volume={2}, url={https://ojs.utlib.ee/index.php/jeful/article/view/jeful.2011.2.2.03}, DOI={10.12697/jeful.2011.2.2.03}, abstractNote={<p><span style="left: 220.926px; top: 251.694px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.940933);">This paper discusses the notion of </span><span style="left: 485.326px; top: 251.694px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03096);">language</span><span style="left: 553.557px; top: 251.694px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.916297);"> in rela</span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 271.694px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.920939);">tion to the notion of </span><span style="left: 301.105px; top: 271.694px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00379);">a language</span><span style="left: 384.916px; top: 271.694px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.92326);">. We argue that the concept of </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 291.693px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02603);">languages as neatly separated, countable units is an ideological </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 311.693px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00189);">construction. This ideological construction served the European </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 331.693px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.998352);">nation states well during the Romantic period and later, for </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 351.693px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01847);">instance during Colonialism (e.g. Heller 2007, Makoni and </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 371.693px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.950357);">Penny cook 2006). With growing internationalization, however, </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 391.693px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01823);">this concept of languages has become increasingly at odds with </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 411.692px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01602);">the linguistic experience of speakers throughout Europe. In fact </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 431.692px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01588);">the notion of languages, for instance as separable from dialects, </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 451.692px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00085);">has never been accepted by sociolinguistics. Any speci</span><span style="left: 544.214px; top: 451.692px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.911136);">fi</span><span style="left: 549.313px; top: 451.692px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01802);">c notion </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 471.692px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02787);">of a language, say Dutch, is a sociocultural construction, and it </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 491.692px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.990145);">is only real at the level of norms. At the level of language use we </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 511.692px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01974);">can not maintain these concepts of languages. As an alternative </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 531.691px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.952823);">idea of language we propose that descriptions and analyses of </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 551.691px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.991903);">language use must be based, not on “languages”, but on features, </span><span style="left: 141.732px; top: 571.691px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00023);">and the focus must be in the individual (Hudson 1996).</span></p>}, number={2}, journal={Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics}, author={Jørgensen, Jens Normann and Varga, Somogy}, year={2011}, month={Dec.}, pages={49–68} }