Which Values are Reproduced within the Swedish Educational System?
Abstract
Which values are reproduced within the Swedish educational system? Using the World Values Survey (WVS) as a background the paper discusses a tension between the general evaluative outlook of Swedish teacher students and the educational values established by The Swedish National Agency for Education (SNAE). According to the results from WVS, which maps evaluative differences between approximately 80 countries in the world, Sweden stands out as a country that rejects traditional values and embraces so called secular self-expression values. However, the values established by SNAE include both traditional values, such as “sharing a common cultural heritage”, and secular self-expression values, such as “individual freedom and integrity”. Against this background we conducted a survey of 179 Swedish teacher students in order to investigate the relation between their evaluative outlook and the values they are supposed to convey to their pupils as established by SNAE. The result of the survey indicates that these students do not differ in any significant respect from the Swedish population in general as regards secular vs traditional evaluations. The fact that the traditional values emphasized by SNAE seem to be scarcely represented among the teacher students, makes questionable whether they will be present in their future teaching. On the assumptions that there are important educational values among the traditional as well as the secular self-expression ones, and that values are reproduced within an educational system, we argue that there is reason to take the imbalance in the evaluative outlook of the students seriously.
Milliseid väärtusi taastoodab Rootsi haridussüsteem?
Kasutades taustana „Maailma väärtuste uuringu“ (WVS) tulemusi, käsitleb artikkel vastuolu Rootsi õpetajakoolituse tudengite väärtushinnangute ning Rootsi Rahvusliku Haridusagentuuri (SNAE) väljatöötatud kasvatusväärtuste vahel. WVS kaardistab erinevusi umbes 80 riigi väärtushinnangutes ning uuringu põhjal eristub Rootsi ühiskonnana, mis lükkab tagasi traditsioonilised väärtused ning toetab pigem sekulaarse eneseväljendusega seotud väärtusi. Ent SNAE sätestatud väärtused sisaldavad nii traditsioonilisi (nt ühise kultuurilise pärandi säilitamine) kui ka sekulaarse eneseväljendusega seotuid (nt isikuvabadus ja eneseväärikus). Toetudes sellele taustale, viisime läbi 179-t Rootsi õpetajakoolituse tudengit hõlmanud uuringu, et selgitada välja, kuidas seonduvad nende enda väärtushinnangud ja need väärtused, mille edasiandmist õpilastele SNAE neilt tulevases töös eeldab. Tulemused näitavad, et õpetajakoolituse tudengid ei erine Rootsi üldpopulatsioonist sekulaarsete vs. traditsiooniliste väärtuste küsimuses üheski olulises aspektis. Teisisõnu – SNAE rõhutatud traditsioonilistel väärtustel on õpetajakoolituse tudengite hulgas vähene kandepind, mis muudab küsitavaks, kuivõrd nad neid tulevases õppetöös esindaksid. Eeldustel, et nii sekulaarsete eneseväljendusse puutuvate kui ka traditsiooniliste väärtuste hulgas on olulisi kasvatusväärtusi ning et haridussüsteem kannab väärtusi edasi, väidame, et on põhjust võtta kirjeldatud tasakaalustamatust tudengite hulgas tõsiselt.
Downloads
References
Apple, Michael W. 1982. Cultural and Economic Reproduction in Education. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Berger, Peter. 1969. Sacred Canopy. New York: Anchor Books.
Bourdieu, Pierre, and Jean-Claude Passeron. 1977. Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London: Sage Publications.
Bourdieu, Pierre, and Jean-Claude Passeron. 1979. The Inheritors: French Students and Their Relation to Culture. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Bryman, Alan. 2008. Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fox, Judith. 2010. ‘Secularization’. In The Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion, 306–19. London: Routledge. http://www.credoreference.com/book/routsr.
Inglehart, R., and W. E. Baker. 2000. ‘Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of Traditional Values’. American Sociological Review 65 (1): 19–51.
Inglehart, Ronald. 2006. ‘Mapping Global Values’. In Measuring and Mapping Cultures, 11–31. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
Inglehart, Ronald, and Daphna Oyserman. 2004. ‘Individualism, Autonomy and Self-Expression’. In Comparing Cultures, 74–96. Boston: Brill.
Kottak, Conrad Phillip. 2010. Mirror for Humanity. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Pettersson, Thorleif, and Yilmaz Esmer. 2005. Vilka Är Annorlunda?: Om Invandrares Möte Med Svensk Kultur. Integrationsverkets Rapportserie. Norrköping: Integrationsverket.
Redding, Gordon. 2010. ‘Separating Religious Content from Religious Practice’. In The Hidden Form of Capital. London: Anthem Press.
Säljö, Roger. 2010. ‘Learning in a Sociocultural Perspective’. In International Encyclopedia of Education. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
‘World Values Survey’. n.d. Accessed 21 September 2015. http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp.