Morphology of G Cells in Hypergastrinemic Cotton Rats

Abstract

In a strain of inbred cotton rats, 25-50% of females develop spontaneous gastric hypochlorhydria and  hypergastrinemia. Hypergastrinemic animals develop ECL cell derived gastric carcinomas located in the  oxyntic mucosa, thus being an interesting animal model for studying the role of gastrin in gastric carcinogenesis.  The response to gastric hypoacidity in cotton rats as regards the level of hypergastrinemia is far  more pronounced than in the more commonly used laboratory rat. It is unknown whether the pronounced  hypergastrinemic response in cotton rats is due to a greater population of G cells or a greater capacity of  hormone synthesis in each G cell. The aim of the study was therefore to examine G cell population and  ultrastructure in normogastrinemic and hypergastrinemic cotton rats by the use of immunhistochemical  methods applied on both light- and electron-microscopy. Five hypergastrinemic vs. five normogastrinemic  cotton rats were compared. 

Cotton rats with gastric hypochlorhydria have a 55-fold increase in serum gastrin levels and a 6-fold  increase in G cell number, but this is not accompanied by significant changes in G cell ultrastructure. The  lack of ultrastructural changes in these activated G cells indicates that previously reported changes in  chronic stimulated G cells are just one of several ways G cells are activated.