Irony in the Opening of God’s Speeches (Job 38:2–3)

Autorid

  • Tobias Häner

Märksõnad:

Book of Job, God’s speeches, irony, rhetorical questions, mitigation

Kokkuvõte

The study focuses on the ironies in the opening of God’s first speech to Job (Job 38:2–3). The analysis is based on Edgar Lapp’s linguistic study, which defines irony as a simulation of insincerity. In 38:2, ironies are discernible in the peculiar shape of the rhetorical question and in the allusions to Job’s initial lament (Job 3). Similarly, 38:3 alludes to Job’s challenge in 13:22–23. The ironic tone comes to the fore by comparing the specific use of the words and locutions in 38:2–3 with their occurrence in the book and in the Hebrew Bible as a whole. These ironies have a mitigating effect as they partly hide the criticism of Job in the unsaid.

Allalaadimised

Download data is not yet available.

Viited

Albright, William F. 1938. “Rezension Gustav Hölscher: Das Buch Hiob (1937)”. Journal of Biblical Literature, 57: 227–228.

Alonso Schökel, Luis, and José L. Sicre Diaz. 1985. Giobbe: Commento teologico e letterario. Roma: Borla.

Backhaus, Franz J. 1998. “Es gibt nichts Besseres für den Menschen” [Koh 3,22]: Studien zur Komposition und zur Weisheitskritik im Buch Kohelet. Bodenheim: Philo.

Barbiero, Gianni. 2015. “The Structure of Job 3”. Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, 127: 43–62.

Bechmann, Sascha. 2010. Rhetorische Fragen. München: AVM.

Bimson, John J. 2000. “Who is ‘This’ in ‘Who is this…?’ (Job 38.2)? A Response to Karl G. Wilcox”. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 25: 125–128.

Booth, Wayne C. 1974. A Rhetoric of Irony. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Brinks, C. L. 2010. “Who Speaks Words without Knowledge? A Response to Wilcox and Bimson”. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 35: 197–207.

Caffi, Claudia. 1999. “On Mitigation”. Journal of Pragmatics, 31: 881–909.

Clines, David J.A. 1989. Job 1–20. Waco, TX: Word Books.

Clines, David J.A. 2011. Job 38–42. Nashville, TN: Nelson.

DCH 3. 1996. The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew. z [Zayin] – ṭ [Teth]. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.

Di Giulio, Marco. 2008. “Mitigating Devices in Biblical Hebrew”. Kleine Untersuchungen zur Sprache des Alten Testaments und seiner Umwelt, 8/9: 33–62.

Ebach, Jürgen. 1996. Streiten mit Gott. Hiob. Teil 2. Hiob 21–42. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener.

Febel, Gisela. 2003. “Ironie als Textqualität”. Internationale Zeitschrift für Philosophie, 1: 43–63.

Firchow, Peter. 1971. Friedrich Schlegel’s Lucinde and the Fragments. Minneapolis, MI: University of Minnesota Press.

Fohrer, Georg. 1989. Das Buch Hiob. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus.

Fox, Michael V. 1981. “Job 38 and God’s Rhetoric”. Semeia, 19: 53–61.

Fraser, Bruce. 1980. “Conversational Mitigation”. Journal of Pragmatics, 4: 341–350.

Gaburro, Sergio. 2013. L’ironia, “voce di sottile silenzio”: Per un’ermeneutica del linguaggio rivelativo. Cinisello Balsamo (Milano): San Paolo.

Geeraerts, Dirk. 2003. “Caught in a Web of Irony: Job and His Embarassed God”. Job 28. Cognition in Context, ed. Ellen J. van Wolde: 37–55. Leiden, Boston: Brill.

Geiger, Michaela. 2018. “Ambiguität und Ironie in Hi 40,26–32 (MT)”. Die Septuaginta: Geschichte – Wirkung – Relevanz: 6. Internationale Fachtagung veranstaltet von Septuaginta Deutsch (LXX.D), Wuppertal 21.–24. Juli 2016, edd. Martin Meiser et al.: 30–49. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Good, Edwin M. 1981. Irony in the Old Testament. Sheffield: Almond Press.

Groß, Heinrich. 1986. Ijob. Würzburg: Echter.

Habel, Norman C. 1985. The Book of Job: A Commentary. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press.

Ham, T. C. 2013. “The Gentle Voice in Job 38”. Journal of Biblical Literature, 132: 527–541.

Hyman, Ronald T. 1983. “Questions and The Book Of Ruth”. Hebrew Studies, 24: 17–25.

Ingram, Virginia. 2017. “The Book of Job as a Satire with Mention of Verbal Irony”. St. Mark’s Review, 239: 51–62.

Janzen, John G. 1985. Job. Atlanta: John Knox Press.

Japp, Uwe. 1983. Theorie der Ironie. Frankfurt a.M.: V. Klostermann.

Keel, Othmar. 1978. Jahwes Entgegnung an Ijob: Eine Deutung von Ijob 38–41 vor dem Hintergrund der zeitgenössischen Bildkunst. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

Klein, Lillian R. 1988. The Triumph of Irony in the Book of Judges. Sheffield: Almond Press.

Kohvakka, Hannele. 1997. Ironie und Text: Zur Ergründung von Ironie auf der Ebene des sprachlichen Textes. Frankfurt a.M., Bern: Peter Lang.

Kosmala, Hans. 1973. “גבר‎”. Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament. 1: אב–גלה, edd. Gerhard J. Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren, and Heinz-Josef Fabry: 901–919. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.

Lapp, Edgar. 1997. Linguistik der Ironie. Tübingen: Narr.

Lauber, Stephan. 2017. “Ironie im Ijob-Buch”. “Darum, ihr Hirten, hört das Wort des Herrn” (Ez 34,7.9): Studien zu prophetischen und weisheitlichen Texten, ed. Christoph G. Müller: 156–173. Freiburg: Herder.

Low, Katherine. 2011. “Implications Surrounding Girding the Loins in Light of Gender, Body, and Power”. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 36: 3–30.

MacKenzie, Roderick A.F. 1959. “The Purpose of the Yahweh Speeches in the Book of Job”. Biblica, 40: 435–445.

Matthiae, Gisela. 2009. “Humor (AT)”. WibiLex. Das wissenschaftliche Bibellexikon im Internet, https://www.bibelwissenschaft.de/stichwort/21610/ (14.08.2020)

Meibauer, Jörg. 1986. Rhetorische Fragen. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.

Meshel, Naphtali. 2015. “Whose Job Is This? Dramatic Irony and double entendre in the Book of Job”. The Book of Job: Aesthetics, Ethics, Hermeneutics, edd. Leora Batnitzky and Ilana Pardes: 47–75. Berlin: De Gruyter.

Moshavi, Adina. 2014. “What Can I Say? Implications and Communicative Functions of Rhetorical “WH” Questions in Classical Biblical Hebrew Prose 1”. Vetus Testamentum, 64: 93–108.

Muecke, Douglas C. 1982. Irony and the Ironic. London: Methuen.

Müller, Marika. 1995. Die Ironie: Kulturgeschichte und Textgestalt. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann.

Pope, Marvin H. 2008. Job. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Radday, Yehuda T., and Brenner, Athalya, edd. 1990. On Humour and the Comic in the Hebrew Bible. Sheffield: Almond Press.

Ritter-Müller, Petra. 2000. Kennst du die Welt? – Gottes Antwort an Ijob: Eine sprachwissenschaftliche und exegetische Studie zur ersten Gottesrede Ijob 38 und 39. Münster: Lit.

Robertson, David. 1973. “The Book of Job: A Literary Study”. Soundings, 56: 446–469.

Schoentjes, Pierre. 2001. Poétique de l'ironie. Paris: Editions du Seuil.

Schwienhorst-Schönberger, Ludger. 2007. Ein Weg durch das Leid: Das Buch Ijob. Freiburg i.Br.: Herder.

Seow, Choon L. 2013. Job 1–21: Interpretation and Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Sharp, Carolyn J. 2009. Irony and Meaning in the Hebrew Bible. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Spangenberg, Izak J.J. 1996. “Jonah and Qohelet: Satire Versus Irony”. Old Testament Essays, 9: 495–511.

Strauß, Hans. 2000. Hiob: 2. Teilband. 19,1–42,17. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener.

van Rensburg, J.F.J. 1991. “Wise Men Saying Things by Asking Questions: The Function of the Interrogative in Job 3 to 14”. Old Testament Essays, 4: 227–247.

Whedbee, William. 1977. “The Comedy of Job”. Semeia, 7: 1–39.

Wilcox, Karl G. 1998. “‘Who is this…?’: A Reading of Job 38.2”. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 23: 85–95.

Williams, James G. 1971. ““You Have Not Spoken Truth of Me”: Mystery and Irony in Job”. Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, 83: 231–254.

Williams, James G. 1977. “Comedy, Irony, Intercession: A Few Notes in Response”. Semeia, 7: 135–145.

##submission.downloads##

Avaldatud

2020-01-01

Väljaanne

Rubriik

Artiklid / Articles