Aesthetics of Imagery. The Quixotic Dilemma

Authors

  • Piotr Kozak

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12697/spe.2026.19.1.06

Keywords:

aesthetic values, aesthetics, mental imagery, sensory imagination, the Quixotic Dilemma

Abstract

I examine whether imagery has aesthetic value. In trying to answer this question, we face the Quixotic Dilemma, which claims that both possible answers are false. I suggest that this question may therefore be undecidable. A solution may involve rejecting the idea that sensory imagination must be defined in experiential terms. Instead, adopting a content-based theory of mental imagery might clarify the similarities and differences between perception and imagery, ultimately resolving the Quixotic Dilemma.

References

Arcangeli, M. (2020). The Two Faces of Mental Imagery. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 101(2), 304-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12589

Armstrong, D. M. (2004). In defense of the cognitivist theory of perception. The Harvard Review of Philosophy, 12(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.5840/harvardreview20041211

Beardsley, M. (1958). Aesthetics: Problems in the Philosophy of Criticism. New York: Harcourt Brace.

Beardsley, M. (1982). The Aesthetic Point of View. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Bell, C. (1958). Art. New York: Capricorn Books.

Brewer, B. (2007). Perception and its objects. Philosophical Studies, 132(1), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-006-9051-2

Budd, M. (1995). Values of Art: Pictures, Poetry and Music. London: Penguin Books.

Budd, M. (2008). Aesthetic Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cervantes, M. de (2015). Don Quixote. Trans. by J. Ormsby, Digireads.com Publishing.

Danto, A. (2003). The Abuse of Beauty. Peru, IL: Open Court.

Dewey, J. (1934). Art as Experience. New York: Perigee Books.

Dickie, G. (1965). Beardsley's Phantom Aesthetic Experience. Journal of Philosophy, 62, 129-136. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2023490

Dickie, G. (1988). Evaluating Art. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Dokic, J., & Arcangeli, M. (2016). The heterogeneity of experiential imagination. In K. Metzinger & J. M. Wind (Ed.), Open MIND. Philosophy and the Mind Sciences in the 21st Century (pp. 431–450). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Gorodeisky, K. (2021a). The Authority of Pleasure. Noûs, 55(1), 199-220. https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12310

Gorodeisky, K. (2021b). On Liking Aesthetic Value. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 102(2), 261-280. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12641

Gorodeisky, K. (2023). Aesthetic Value: The View from Here. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 81(1), 85-86, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaac/kpac069

Green, E. J. (2018). A Theory of Perceptual Objects. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 99(3), 663-693. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12521

Hopkins, R. (2024). The Profile of Imagining. New York: Oxford University Press.

Iseminger, G. (2003). Aesthetic Experience. In J. Levinson (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics (pp. 99–116). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Jackson, F. (1977). Perception: A representative theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kant, I. (2000), Critique of the Power of Judgment. Trans. by P. Guyer, and E. Matthews. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kirby, K. (forthcoming). The Aesthetic Dimension of Value. Australasian Journal of Philosophy.

Langland-Hassan, P. (2020). Explaining Imagination. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lopes, D. M. (2018). Being for Beauty: Agency and Aesthetic Value. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Matthen, M. (2005). Seeing, doing, and knowing: A philosophical theory of sense-perception. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Matthen, M. (2017). The Pleasure of Art. Australasian Philosophical Review, 1(1), 6–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/24740500.2017.1287034

Nanay, B. (2015). Perceptual content and the content of mental imagery. Philosophical Studies, 172(7), 1723-1736. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24704178

Nanay, B. (2016). Aesthetics as Philosophy of Perception. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Nanay, B. (2023). Mental Imagery. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Nanay, B. (2025a). Acquaintance principle, imagination and mental imagery. In I. Vendrell Ferran & C. Verner (Ed.), Imagination and experience: philosophical explorations (pp. 147-157). New York and London: Routledge.

Nanay, B. (2025b). Perception and Mental Imagery in Our Engagement with Art. In A. King (Ed.), Art and Philosophy. Essays at the Intersection (pp. 153-170). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Peacocke, A. (2021). Let’s be Liberal: An Alternative to Aesthetic Hedonism. The British Journal of Aesthetics, 61(2), 163–183. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesthj/ayaa033

Pearson, J., Naselaris, T., Holmes, E. A., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2015). Mental Imagery: Functional Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19, 590-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.08.003

Sartre, J.-P. (2004). The Imaginary. Translated by Jonathan Webber. London: Routledge.

Savile, A. (2006). Imagination and Aesthetic Value. British Journal of Aesthetics, 46(3), 248-258. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesthj/ayl002

Schiller, F. (1989), On the Aesthetic Education of Man. Trans. by E. M. Wilkinson and L.A. Willoughby. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Scruton, R. V. (1973). Art and imagination. A study in the philosophy of mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Shelley, J. (2019). The Default Theory of Aesthetic Value. British Journal of Aesthetics, 59(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesthj/ayy044

Shelley, J. (2022). The Concept of the Aesthetic. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/aesthetic-concept

Shelley, J. (2023). A Simple Theory of Aesthetic Value. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 81(1), 98-100. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaac/kpac064

Shelley, J. (2024). What is aesthetic value? Philosophical Topics, 52(1), 25–42. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48822815

Sheppard, A. (1991). The Role of Imagination in Aesthetic Experience. Journal of Aesthetic Education, 25(4), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3332901

Sibley, F. (2001). Approach to Aesthetics: Collected Papers on Philosophical Aesthetics, J. Benson, B. Redfern, & J. Cox (Ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Van der Berg, S. (2020). Aesthetic hedonism and its critics. Philosophy Compass, 15(1), 12645. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12645

Vartanian, O. (2020). Imagination in Aesthetic Experience. In A. Abraham (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Imagination (pp. 578-592). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Watkins, M., & Shelley, J. (2012). Response-Dependence About Aesthetic Value. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 93(3), 338-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0114.2012.01429.x

Wollheim, R. (1980). Art and Its Objects. 2nd Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Zangwill, N. (1998). Aesthetic/Sensory Dependence. British Journal of Aesthetics, 38. 66-81. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaesthetics/38.1.66

Downloads

Published

2026-08-17

How to Cite

Kozak, P. (2026). Aesthetics of Imagery. The Quixotic Dilemma. Studia Philosophica Estonica, 19(1), 86–111. https://doi.org/10.12697/spe.2026.19.1.06