Young People’s Views on Religions in a Multicultural Society

Autorid

  • Gunnar J. Gunnarsson
  • Hanna Ragnarsdóttir
  • Gunnar E. Finnbogason
  • Halla Jónsdóttir

Kokkuvõte

With growing cultural and religious diversity in Iceland over the last two decades it is of interest to study young people’s views and attitudes in this regard and how they talk about religion and religiosity in a multicultural society. This paper presents findings from a four year (2011–2014) mixed method research project on life views and life values of young adults (age 1824) in a multicultural society in Iceland. The theoretical framework includes theories on secularization, desecularization and detraditionalization together with discussions on religious diversity. A survey was conducted in 2011 and 2012 among students in seven upper secondary schools in the Reykjavík area and other areas of Iceland. The findings from the survey indicate that although the majority of the participants are of the opinion that human beings always need something to believe in and that it is important to be convinced about one’s life view or belief, many of them are not of the opinion that religions are important in the society, religions have little influence on their views, and religious activity seems not to be an important part of their lives. This also applies to those that claim to be religious or belong to a religious organisation. At the same time the participants generally have positive attitudes towards ethnic and religious diversity. The findings from the survey provided a basis for focus group interviews with mixed groups of students in the same schools in 2013 and 2014. In this article, some main results from the survey are introduced, while the focus is primarily on the findings from the focus group interviews regarding the young people´s views on religion, religious diversity and religious activity in a multicultural society in Iceland. The findings indicate among other things that although the daily life of the young people is secularised, many of them are of the opinion that it helps to believe or pray, for example in times of difficulties. This indicates that the secularization process has not gone as far as expected or that some kind of de-secularisation has developed in the wake of the growing religious diversity in Icelandic society.

 

Noorte vaated religioonile mitmekultuurilises ühiskonnas
Pidades silmas Islandil viimase kahe aastakümne vältel oluliselt kasvanud kultuurilist ja religioosset mitmekesisust, on huvitav uurida, millised on noorte vaated ja suhtumine sellesse teemasse ning kuidas räägivad mitmekultuurilise ühiskonna noored religioossusest ja religioonist. Artikkel esitleb nelja-aastase (2011–2014) kombineeritud metoodikaga uurimisprojekti tulemusi. Projekti käigus uuriti noorte täiskasvanute (vanuses 18-24) eluvaateid ja -väärtusi Islandi mitmekultuurilises ühiskonnas. Töö teoreetiline raamistik hõlmab sekulariseerumise, desekulariseerumise ja detraditsionaliseerumise teooriaid ühes diskussiooniga religioosse mitmekesisuse üle.

2011. ja 2012. aastal viidi seitsme Reykjaviki ja veel mõne Islandi piirkonna kooli gümnaasiumiastme õpilaste hulgas läbi küsitlus. Selle tulemuste kohaselt on enamik noortest arvamusel, et inimesed vajavad alati midagi, millesse uskuda, ning et on tähtis olla oma  luvaateis ja/või uskumustes kindlalt veendunud. Samas leiavad paljud aga, et religioon ei ole ei ühiskonna ega nende enestegi seisukohalt keskse tähtsusega. Paljude jaoks mängib usuline aktiivsus elus väga väikest rolli. See kehtib ka nende vastanute kohta, kes
väidavad end olevat religioossed või kuuluvad mõnda usukogukonda. Samas võib üldiselt täheldada osalenute positiivset suhtumist etnilisse ja religioossesse mitmekesisusse. Küsitluse tulemuste põhjal pandi samade koolide õpilastest kokku fookusgrupid, keda intervjueeriti ajavahemikus 2013–2014.

Artiklis esitatakse 2011.–2012. a küsitluse tulemused, kuid pearõhk on siiski fookusgrupiintervjuudel, mille eesmärgiks oli teada saada, kuidas mõtlevad ja kõnelevad noored religioonist ja religioossest kogemusest Islandi mitmekultuurilises ühiskonnas. Näeme muu hulgas, et ehkki noorte tavaelu on sekulariseerunud, arvavad paljud neist, et palvest on abi, nt rasketel aegadel. See osutab, et sekulariseerumisprotsess pole sugugi läinud nii kaugele, kui varem arvatud, või et Islandi ühiskonna kasvava mitmekesisuse kiiluvees on aset leidnud teatav de-sekulariseerumine. 

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2016-01-01

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