Prayer for Rain by Elijah and by Honi the Circle-Maker. Two Ends of the same Concept in the Light of Lazar Gulkowitsch’ Ideas
Kokkuvõte
The article focuses on the special charisma of the prayer for rain in Judaism and its connection to the concept of Hasid exemplified by two stories that illustrate the charisma of praying for rain. In the centre of these stories stand Elijah and Honi the Circle-Maker, both possessing the gift of their prayers for rain being heard regardless of their way of praying. In the framework of Lazar Gulkowitsch’ (1898–1941) research on Hasidism and history of ideas these two characters, a prophet and a miracle-worker, can be seen in connection to prayer as two ends of the same concept, that of Hasid. The article follows Gulkowitsch’ elaboration of the special disposition of the attributes of the Hasid, its connection to prayer, miracles and attributes of Prophets.
Allalaadimised
Viited
Aberbach, Moses. 2007. ‘Elijah: In the Aggadah’. In Encyclopaedia Judaica, 6:333–34. Detroit: Thomson Gale Macmillan.
Batterson, Mark. 2011. ‘The Legend of the Circle Maker. The Circle Maker Sermon 1’. The Circle Maker. 2011. https://thecirclemaker.com/resources/The%20Circle%20Maker%20Sermon%201%20-%20The%20Legend%20of%20the%20Circle%20Maker.pdf.
Benstein, Jeremy. 2005. ‘The Forgotten Language of Rain’. Jerusalem Report. http://more.masortiolami.org/EduCD/space/israel/The_ Forgotten_Language_of_Rain.pdf.
Braude, William G. 1959. The Midrash on Psalms. Yale Judaica Series 13. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Brooks, David B. n.d. ‘Geshem and Tal: The Prayers for Rain and for Dew in Our Liturgy’. Adath Shalom Congregation. Accessed 19 August 2017. http://adath-shalom.ca/divrei/geshem.htm#_edn1.
Buber, Salomon, ed. 1891. Midrash Tehillim.
Cohen, Abraham, ed. 1984. Hebrew-English Edition of the Babylonian Talmud: Minor Tractates: ’Aboth D’Rabbi Nathan. London: Soncino Press.
Daiches, Samuel. 1913. Babylonian Oil Magic in the Talmud and in the Later Jewish Literature. London: Jews’ College.
Davison, Scott A. n.d. ‘Petitionary Prayer’. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Accessed 19 August 2017. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/petitionary-prayer/.
Epstein, I., ed. 1990. Hebrew-English Edition of the Babylonian Talmud: Rosh Hashanah. Translated by Judah J. Slotki. London: Soncino Press.
Epstein, Isidore, ed. 1960. Hebrew-English Edition of the Babylonian Talmud. Berakoth. Translated by Maurice Simon. London: Soncino Press.
Epstein, Isidore, ed. 1990. Hebrew-English Edition of the Babylonian Talmud: Ta῾anit. Translated by Joseph Rabbinowitz. London: Soncino Press.
Frei, Max. n.d. ‘Elias Gebet Um Regen. I Könige 18,42–45’. Chrischona Dübendorf. Accessed 19 August 2017. http://www.chrischona-duebendorf.ch/Predigten/2008/Oktober/Predigt26Oktober2008.pdf.
Goldin, Judah. 1955. The Fathers According to Rabbi Nathan. New Haven.
Goldin, Judah. 1963. ‘On Honi the Circle-Maker: A Demanding Prayer’. The Harvard Theological Review 56 (3): 233–37.
Gulkowitsch, Lazar. 1927. Der Hasidismus Religionswissenschaftlich Untersucht. Veröffentlichungen Des Forschungs-Instituts Für Vergleichende Religionsgeschichte an Der Universität Leipzig. Leipzig.
Gulkowitsch, Lazar. 1932. ‘Der Begriff Des Idealismus in Der Israelitisch-Jüdischen Geistesgeschichte. Konzepte, Notizen’.
Gulkowitsch, Lazar. 1934. Die Entwicklung Des Begriffes Hasid Im Alten Testament. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis; Tartu Ülikooli Juuditeaduse Seminari Toimetused 1. Tartu: Mattiesen.
Gulkowitsch, Lazar. 1935. Die Bildung Des Begriffes Ḥāsīd. I. Der Begriff Ḥāsīd in Der Gattung Der Ma’aśijjōt. 1. Ḥāsīd Und Wunder. Tartu Ülikooli Juuditeaduse Seminari Toimetused 2. Tartu.
Gulkowitsch, Lazar. 1938a. Das Kulturhistorische Bild Des Chassidismus. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis, Tartu Ülikooli Juuditeaduse Seminari Toimetused 7. Tartu.
Gulkowitsch, Lazar. 1938b. Die Grundgedanken Des Chassidismus Als Quelle Seines Schicksals: Ein Beitrag Zum Problem Idee Und Leben. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis, Tartu Ülikooli Juuditeaduse Seminari Toimetused 6. Tartu.
Gulkowitsch, Lazar. 1939a. Das Charisma Des Gebetes Um Regen Nach Der Talmudischen Tradition: Ein Beitrag Zur Erfassung Des Religiösen Volkslebens in Der Zeit Jesu. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis; Tartu Ülikooli Juuditeaduse Seminari Toimetused = Acta Seminarii Litterarum Judaearum Universitatis Tartuensis, B 46.4; 8. Tartu: Mattiesen.
Gulkowitsch, Lazar. 1939b. History as the History of Ideas: With the Special Reference to O.T. and Jewish History. Lectiones in Vetere Testamento et in Rebus Judaicis 2. London: Vallentine & Co.
Gulkowitsch, Lazar. 1940a. Der Chassidismus Als Kulturphilosophisches Problem. Tartu Ülikooli Juuditeaduse Seminari Toimetused = Acta Seminarii Litterarum Judaearum Universitatis Tartuensis 10. Tartu: Mattiesen.
Gulkowitsch, Lazar. 1940b. Die Bildung Des Begriffes Ḥāsīd I. Der Begriff Ḥāsīd in Der Gattung Der Ma’aśijjōt. Ḥāsīd Und Gebet. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis, Tartu Ülikooli Juuditeaduse Seminari Toimetused 9. Tartu.
Gulkowitsch, Lazar. n.d. ‘Notizen Und Bruchstücke Der Aufsätze Über Den Chassidismus’.
Gutmann, Joshua, and David Sperling. 2007. ‘Elijah’. In Encyclopaedia Judaica, 6:332–33. Detroit: Thomson Gale Macmillan.
Heschel, Abraham Joshua. 1976. Man Is Not Alone: A Philosophy of Religion. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
Hillel, Daniel. 2006. The Natural History of the Bible: An Environmental Exploration of the Hebrew Scriptures. New York: Columbia University Press.
‘Honi Ha-Me’aggel’. 2007. In Encyclopaedia Judaica, 9:518–19. Detroit: Thomson Gale Macmillan.
Horodezky, Samuel Abba. 2007. ‘Elijah: In Mysticism’. In Encyclopaedia Judaica, 6:334. Detroit: Thomson Gale Macmillan.
Jacobs, Louis, and Israel Abrahams. 2007. ‘Prayer’. In Encyclopaedia Judaica, 16:456–60. Detroit: Thomson Gale Macmillan.
Jay, Eric George. 1954. Origen’s Treatise on Prayer. London.
Josephus, Flavius. 1895. Antiquities of the Jews - The Works of Flavius Josephus. Translated by William Whiston. Auburn, Buffalo: John E. Beardsley. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atex t%3A1999.01.0146%3Abook%3D14%3Asection%3D19.
‘Mishnah Ta’anit 3:9’. n.d. Sefaria. The Sefaria Library. Accessed 9 October 2017. https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Taanit.3.9?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en.
Müller, Ernst. 2017. ‘Die Sprache Ist Immer Die Letzte Zuflucht’. Frankfurter Allgemeine. Feuiletton., 16 July 2017.
Müller, Ernst, and Falko Schmieder. 2016. Begriffsgeschichte Und Historische Semantik: Ein Kritisches Kompendium. Berlin: Suhrkamp Verlag.
Noy, Dov. 2007. ‘Elijah: In Jewish Folklore’. In Encyclopaedia Judaica, 6:335. Detroit: Thomson Gale Macmillan.
Peter, John. 1992. ‘Water Works’. In Anchor Bible Dictionary, 6:883–93. New York: Doubleday.
Põldsam, Anu. 2011. Lazar Gulkowitsch - Eine Vergessene Stimme Der Wissenschaft Des Judentums: Seine Tätigkeit, Sein Werk Und Seine Wirkung Im Zeitgeschichtlichen Kontext. Dissertationes Theologiae Universitatis Tartuensis 25. Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus.
Põldsam, Anu. 2015. ‘Lazar Gulkowitsch’. In Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception. Vol. 10. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
Rensburg, Garry A. 2009. ‘From the Desert to the Sown: Israel’s Encounter with the Land of Canaan’. In The Mountains Shall Drip Wine: Jews and the Environment, 112–13. Omaha: Creighton University Press.
Stump, Eleonore. 1979. ‘Petitionary Prayer’. American Philosophical Quarterly 16 (2): 81–91.
‘The Supplement for Festivals – Tal’. n.d. The Rabbinical Assembly. Accessed 19 August 2017. http://www.rabbinicalassembly.org/sites/default/files/public/jewish-law/holidays/sukkot/or-hadash-geshem-and-tal.pdf.
Thomas Aquinas. n.d.-a. Summa Contra Gentiles.
Thomas Aquinas. n.d.-b. Summa Theologiae.
Trachtenberg, Joshua. 1939. Jewish Magic and Superstition. A Study in Folk Religion. New York: Behrman’s Jewish Book House.
Troster, Lawrence. n.d. ‘Jewish Teachings on Water’. Faith in Water. Accessed 19 August 2017. http://www.faithinwater.org/uploads/4/4/3/0/44307383/jewish_teachings_ on_water-greenfaith.pdf.
Waskow, Arthur Ocean, ed. 2000. Torah of the Earth: Exploring 4,000 Years of Ecology in Jewish Thought: Biblical Israel & Rabbinic Judaism. Vol. 1. Woodstock: Jewish Lights Publishing.
Young, Robert. 1974. ‘Petitioning God’. American Philosophical Quarterly 11: 193–201.
Zaleski, Philip, and Carol Zaleski. 2005. Prayer: A History. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin.
