Ecological perspectives and children’s use of the Internet: exploring micro to macro level analysis

Authors

  • Brian O’Neill

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12697/eha.2015.3.2.02

Keywords:

children and Internet, media ecology, online risks, Bronfenbrenner, EU Kids Online

Abstract

Igivanad arutelud, milles käsitletakse laste kokkupuudet meediatehnoloogiaga, toovad kommunikatsiooni ja meediauuringute suunal esile erimeelsusi ja vaidlusi põhjustanud pikaajalise traditsiooni. Olgugi et meediatarbimise mõju lastele on uuritud juba ringhäälingu algusaegadest peale, on selle üle endiselt vähe teoretiseeritud ja seda on kirjanduses harva käsitletud, samuti on see meediapoliitika debattides pälvinud vaid vähest mõistmist. Laste ja internetiuuringute puhul on vanad vaidlused süvenenud. Lähtudes ühelt poolt hoiatavatest teadetest riskide, ülemäärase arvutikasutuse ja selle kahjuliku mõju kohta ning teiselt poolt kiidu laulust "digimaailma päriselanikele" ja tehnoloogia võimele muuta maailma, seadis EU Kids Online endale eesmärgiks koguda andmeid, mis aitavad luua terviklikumat pilti veebikeskkonnast, milles noored tegutsevad. Siinses artiklis paigutan selle valdkonna tööd ökoloogilisse raamistikku, lähtudes nii Bronfenbrenneri bioökoloogilisest käsitlusviisist, mis on olnud tähtsal kohal uutes lapsepõlve sotsioloogilistes käsitlustes, kui ka üldisemalt defineeritud meediaökoloogia teoreetilisest raamistikust. Viimast seostatakse peamiselt McLuhani ja hiljem Postmani töödega, kus kirjeldatakse meediakeskkonda kui keerulise vastastikuse mõjutamise süsteemi tehnoloogia ja ühiskonna vahel, kus mitmesugused suhtlusviisid ja vahendatud vastastikune mõjutamine kujundavad oluliselt inimkäitumist ja ühiskondlikku elu. Selline vaatenurk on mõningate põletavate probleemidega tegelemisel väga vajalik, kui kõne all on teadusuuringutel põhinev poliitikakujundamine, mis on seotud interneti haldamise ja reguleerimisega ning noorte kaitsmisega internetikeskkonnas.

PDF Full text

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

American Academy of Pediatrics (2013). Children, adolescents, and the media. Pediatrics, 132(5), 958–961. Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/132/5/958.full.pdf+html. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2656

Atkin, D. J. (2001). Home ecology and children’s television viewing in the new media environment. In J. Bryant & J. A. Bryant (Eds.), Television and the American family (2nd ed., pp. 49–74). London: Routledge.

Atkin, D. J., Greenberg, B. S., & Baldwin, T. F. (1991). The home ecology of children’s televison viewing: Parental mediation and the new video environment. Journal of Communication, 41(3), 40–52. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1991.tb02322.x

Bates, T. (1984). Broadcasting in education: An evaluation. London: Constable.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1975). Influences on human development (2nd Rev. ed.). Hinsdale, IL: Holt McDougal.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). Growing chaos in the lives of children, youth, and families: How can we turn it around? In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.), Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development (pp. 185–197). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Bronfenbrenner, U., & Ceci, S. J. (1994). Nature-nurture reconceptualized in developmental perspective: A bio-ecological model. Psychological Review, 101(4), 568– 586. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.101.4.568

Byron, T. (2008). Safer children in a digital world: The report of the Byron Review. London: DCSF. Retrieved from www.dcsf.gov.uk/byronreview.

Cantril, H., & Allport, G. W. (1935). The psychology of radio. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.

Carey, J. W. (1981). McLuhan and Mumford: The roots of modern media analysis. Journal of Communication, 31(3), 162–178. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1981.tb00440.x

Downes, P. (2014). Conceptual framework and agenda: Beyond Bronfenbrenner (1979, 1995) to interrogation of blocked systems via structural indicators. In Access to education in Europe (pp. 29–48). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8795-6_3

Gillespie, A. (2008). Child exploitation and communication technologies. Lyme Regis, Dorset: Russell House Publishing.

Glucksmann, A., & Bennett, S. (1971). Violence on the screen: A report on research into the effects on young people of scenes of violence in films and television. London: British Film Institute (Education Department).

Grosswiler, P. (2006). The transformation of Carey on McLuhan: Admiration, rejection and redemption. Explorations in Media Ecology, 5(2), 137–148. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eme.5.2.137_1

Halpern, R., & Figueiras, A. C. M. (2004). Environmental influences on child mental health. Jornal de Pediatria, 80(2), 104–110. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0021-75572004000300013

Hasebrink, U., Görzig, A., Haddon, L., Kalmus, V., & Livingstone, S. (2011). Patterns of risk and safety online. In-depth analyses from the EU Kids Online survey of 9- to 16-year-olds and their parents in 25 countries. LSE, London: EU Kids Online. Retrieved from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/39356/.

Hasebrink, U., Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., & Ólafsson, K. (2009). Comparing children’s online opportunities and risks across Europe: Cross-national comparisons for EU Kids Online. LSE, London: EU Kids Online. Retrieved from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/21656/.

Heins, M. (2008). Not in front of the children: "Indecency," censorship, and the innocence of youth (2nd Rev. ed.). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Helsper, E. J., Kalmus, V., Hasebrink, U., Ságvári, B., & Haan, J. D. (2013). Country classification: Opportunities, risks, harm and parental mediation. LSE, London: EU Kids Online. Retrieved from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/52023/.

Idate, & Technopolis (2014). Benchmarking of safer internet policies in member states and policy indicators: Final report. Retrieved from http://www.technopolis-group.com/?report=benchmarking-safer-internet-policies-in-the-eu-member-states.

Internet Safety Technical Task Force (2008). Enhancing child safety and online technologies: Final report of the Internet Safety Technical Task Force to the multi-state working group on social networking of state attorneys general of the United States. Boston, MA: Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University.

Johnson, G. M., & Puplampu, K. P. (2008). Internet use during childhood and the ecological techno-subsystem. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology / La Revue Canadienne de L’apprentissage et de La Technologie, 34(1). Retrieved from http://www.cjlt.ca/index.php/cjlt/article/viewArticle/172.

Jordan, A. (2004). The role of media in children’s development: An ecological perspective. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 25(3), 196–206. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200406000-00009

Jowett, G. S., Jarvie, I. C., & Fuller, K. H. (1996). Children and the movies: Media influence and the Payne Fund controversy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Livingstone, S. (2013). "Knowledge enhancement": The risks and opportunities of evidence- based policy. In B. O’Neill, E. Staksrud, & S. Mclaughlin (Eds.), Towards a better Internet for children? Policy pillars, players and paradoxes. Goteborg: Nordicom. Retrieved from eprints.lse.ac.uk/59673/.

Livingstone, S., & Haddon, L. (2009). EU Kids Online: Final report 2009. LSE, London: EU Kids Online. Retrieved from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/24372/.

Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., & Görzig, A. (2012). Children, risk and safety on the Internet: Research and policy challenges in comparative perspective. Bristol: Policy Press. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781847428837.001.0001

Lobe, B., Livingstone, S., Ó lafsson, K., & Vodeb, H. (2011). Cross-national comparison of risks and safety on the Internet: Initial analysis from the EU Kids Online survey of European children. LSE, London: EU Kids Online. Retrieved from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/39608/.

Moody, K. (1999). The children of Telstar: Early experiments in school television production. New York, NY: Vantage Press.

O’Neill, B. (2014). Policy influences and country clusters: A comparative analysis of Internet safety policy implementation. LSE, London: EU Kids Online. Retrieved from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/57831/.

Palfrey, J., & Gasser, U. (2010). Born digital: Understanding the first generation of digital natives. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Postman, N. (2000). The humanism of media ecology. Proceedings of the Media Ecology Association 1, 10–16. Retrieved from http://w.media-ecology.org/publications/MEA_proceedings/v1/postman01.pdf.

Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5). Retrieved from http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital% 20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424816

Resnick, P., & Miller, J. (1996). PICS: Internet access controls without censorship. Communications of the ACM, 39(10), 87–93. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/236156.236175

Ross, S. M. (2009). Postman, media ecology, and education: From Teaching as a Subversive Activity through Amusing Ourselves to Death to Technopoly. Review of Communication, 9(2), 146–156. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15358590802326435

Schramm, W., Lyle, J., & Parker, E. B. (1961). Television in the lives of our children. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Smahel, D., & Wright, M. F. (2014). The meaning of online problematic situations for children. Results of qualitative cross-cultural investigation in nine European countries. LSE, London: EU Kids Online. Retrieved from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/56972/.

Spitzer, M. (2012). Digital dementia: How we and our children are doing to our minds. Munich: Droemer.

Strate, L. (2004). A media ecology review. Communication Research Trends, 23(2), 3.

Surgeon General’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior. (1972). Television and growing up: The impact of televised violence. Report to the Surgeon General, United States Public Health Service. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Mental Health.

Published

2015-11-01

How to Cite

O’Neill, B. (2015). Ecological perspectives and children’s use of the Internet: exploring micro to macro level analysis. Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakiri. Estonian Journal of Education, 3(2), 10–31. https://doi.org/10.12697/eha.2015.3.2.02

Issue

Section

Articles