The manifestation of student teachers’ knowledge, understanding, emotions, and experiences in their essays about special needs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12697/eha.2017.5.2.08Keywords:
teacher training, special needs, understanding, experiences, thematic essayAbstract
Kaasava hariduse põhimõtte järgi on oluline, et õpetaja märkaks õpetamisel laste hariduslikke erivajadusi ja varieeriks nende järgi õpetamist. See, kuivõrd on õpetaja valmis õpetama erivajadusega õpilast, sõltub muu hulgas tema teadmistest, arusaamadest ja kokkupuutest erivajadusega. Artikli eesmärk on välja selgitada, kuidas õpetajakoolituse üliõpilased kirjeldavad oma teadmisi, arusaamu, emotsioone ja kogemusi seoses erivajadustega. Valimisse kuuluvad kahe ülikooli 218 üliõpilast, kes lugesid erivajadusi käsitlevaid raamatuid ja kirjutasid selle põhjal temaatilise essee. Esseede analüüsimisel kombineeritakse induktiivset sisuanalüüsi ja konfiguratsioonilist sagedusanalüüsi. Rühma keskmiste tulemuste tasandil ilmneb, et üliõpilased kirjeldavad intellekti- ja liikumispuudeid mitmekesiselt, seevastu omi kogemusi käitumishäirete ja düsleksiaga väljendavad nad ühekülgsemalt. Indiviiditasandi analüüsidest nähtub, et liikumispuude mitmekülgsem kirjeldus võib tuleneda üliõpilaste kogemusest selle erivajadusega. Uurimistulemustest selgub ka, et oodatust rohkem on neid üliõpilasi, kes kirjeldavad ühelaadselt autismiga seotud emotsioone. Et kaasava hariduse idee rakenduks kooliharidussüsteemis, on oluline kujundada tulevaste õpetajate arusaamu, pöörates õpetajakoolituses sellele varasemast suuremat tähelepanu.
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