Addressing climate change in education: objectives, content, and strategies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12697/eha.2024.12.2.03Keywords:
sustainability education, climate change education, teacher competencies, teaching methods, teaching strategiesAbstract
Kliimamuutused koos loodusliku mitmekesisuse vähenemisega on inimkonna käekäiku määravad globaalprobleemid ning kliimakriisi süvenemise aeglustamisel ja peatamisel on kliimamuutuste haridusel võtmetähtsus. Kliimamuutuste haridus nõuab terviklikku ja teaduspõhist käsitlust, sealhulgas sotsiaalteaduslike teemade käsitlemist kliimamuutuste kontekstis. Mitmed rahvusvahelised organisatsioonid, sh UNESCO, on algatanud kliimamuutuste hariduse edendamiseks erinevaid tegevusi, kuid paraku ei edene muutused hariduses soovitud tempos. Rahvusvahelisest teaduskirjandusest ilmneb, et õppekavad ei hõlma globaalmuutusi ning õpetajate ettevalmistus ei ole piisav, õpetamaks kliimamuutuste keerulisi ja läbipõimunud teemasid, nende inimtekkelisi põhjuseid, samuti kliimamuutustega kohanemise ja nende leevendamise strateegiaid. Sama kehtib ka Eesti kohta: kliimateadlikkuse projekti eri haridusastmete töörühmade koostatud analüüsidest selgus, et kliima- ja keskkonnaharidus ei ole kooskõlas Eesti ambitsioonikate keskkonnaeesmärkidega ning Eestis puudub lõimitud haridus- ja keskkonnapoliitika. Õpetajate professionaalses arengus ja täienduskoolituses on vaja pöörata kliimamuutuste haridusele senisest rohkem tähelepanu, sest vaatamata õpetajate huvile ja valmisolekule õpetada kliimamuutuste teemasid ei ole õpetajaid nende käsitlemiseks hästi ette valmistatud. Õppekavade ja koolipraktika uuendamine, tehnoloogiate lõimimine, projektide läbiviimine ning koolide keskkonnasõbralikkuse suurendamine on võtmetähtsusega, pakkumaks õpilastele kvaliteetset ja kaasahaaravat kliimamuutuste haridust.
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