Kliimamuutuste käsitlemine hariduses: eesmärgid, sisu ja strateegiad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12697/eha.2024.12.2.03Märksõnad:
kestlikkuse haridus, kliimamuutuste haridus, õpetajate pädevused, õppemeetodid, õpetamisstrateegiadKokkuvõte
Kliimamuutused koos loodusliku mitmekesisuse vähenemisega on inimkonna käekäiku määravad globaalprobleemid ning kliimakriisi süvenemise aeglustamisel ja peatamisel on kliimamuutuste haridusel võtmetähtsus. Kliimamuutuste haridus nõuab terviklikku ja teaduspõhist käsitlust, sealhulgas sotsiaalteaduslike teemade käsitlemist kliimamuutuste kontekstis. Mitmed rahvusvahelised organisatsioonid, sh UNESCO, on algatanud kliimamuutuste hariduse edendamiseks erinevaid tegevusi, kuid paraku ei edene muutused hariduses soovitud tempos. Rahvusvahelisest teaduskirjandusest ilmneb, et õppekavad ei hõlma globaalmuutusi ning õpetajate ettevalmistus ei ole piisav, õpetamaks kliimamuutuste keerulisi ja läbipõimunud teemasid, nende inimtekkelisi põhjuseid, samuti kliimamuutustega kohanemise ja nende leevendamise strateegiaid. Sama kehtib ka Eesti kohta: kliimateadlikkuse projekti eri haridusastmete töörühmade koostatud analüüsidest selgus, et kliima- ja keskkonnaharidus ei ole kooskõlas Eesti ambitsioonikate keskkonnaeesmärkidega ning Eestis puudub lõimitud haridus- ja keskkonnapoliitika. Õpetajate professionaalses arengus ja täienduskoolituses on vaja pöörata kliimamuutuste haridusele senisest rohkem tähelepanu, sest vaatamata õpetajate huvile ja valmisolekule õpetada kliimamuutuste teemasid ei ole õpetajaid nende käsitlemiseks hästi ette valmistatud. Õppekavade ja koolipraktika uuendamine, tehnoloogiate lõimimine, projektide läbiviimine ning koolide keskkonnasõbralikkuse suurendamine on võtmetähtsusega, pakkumaks õpilastele kvaliteetset ja kaasahaaravat kliimamuutuste haridust.
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- Ajakirjas avaldatud artiklitele on tagatud vaba juurdepääs Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 litsentsiga määratud õiguste mahus.
- Autor loovutab ajakirjale tasuta tema poolt loodud artikli varalised õigused, sh õiguse artikli (1) avaldamisele ja levitamisele, (2) üldsusele kättesaadavaks tegemisele ja eksponeerimisele, (3) avalikule esitamisele.
- Autoril on õigus Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakirja eelneval nõusolekul sõlmida lepinguid kolmandate isikutega publitseeritud artikli säilitamiseks raamatukogu repositooriumis või avaldamiseks raamatu peatükina. Nõudeks on teiseses töös viitamine esmasele allikale, st artiklile Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakirjas.
- Pärast artikli ilmumist ajakirjas on autoritel lubatud avaldada Internetis (nt oma veebilehel) motiveeritud mahus tsitaate ning levitada linke koos korrektse viitega ajakirjas ilmunud artiklile (vt Open Access).
