The preschool teachers’ beliefs about children’s general skills according to the Estonian national curriculum: an added explanation to the causes of the “schoolification” of early childhood institutions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12697/eha.2017.5.2.03Keywords:
early childhood education, schoolification, teacher’s professionalism, self-efficacy, beliefs, national curriculum, general skillsAbstract
Viimase aja rahvusvaheline tendents alushariduses on koolistumine ehk õppe- ja kasvatustegevuse suurem sarnanemine üldhariduskooliga. See avaldub eelkõige õppimise esmatähtsustamises ja laste arengu pidevas hindamises. Paljude uurijate hinnangul põhjustab seda ühiskondlik surve tagada laste koolivalmidus ja alusharidusasutuste konkurents eri huvirühmade ootuste täitmisel. Uurimuse eesmärk on välja selgitada lasteaiaõpetajate uskumused riikliku õppekava üldoskuste väärtuslikkuse ehk olulisuse kohta ning nende enesetõhususe hinnangud asjaomaste tegevuste leidmisele ja üldoskuste hindamisele. Ankeedis hindas 729 Eesti lasteaiaõpetajat koolieelse lasteasutuse riiklikus õppekavas (2008) esitatud üldoskuste olulisust ning nende omandamiseks vajalike tegevuste leidmise ja üldoskuste hindamise lihtsust. Uurimistulemustest selgub, et mänguoskusi kui senist alushariduse prioriteeti peetakse olulisimaks, ent tegevuste leidmisel ja hindamisel on lihtsam keskenduda tunnetus- ja õpioskuste kui traditsiooniliselt akadeemiliste oskuste valdkonnale. Laste üldoskuste arendamiseks vajaksid õpetajad koolitusi, mis oleksid seotud pigem tegevuste leidmise ja tulemuse hindamisega, mitte üldoskuste olulisuse teadvustamisega.
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